The Cathedral of Saint Paul is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of St. Paul, Minnesota. It is the co-cathedral of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, along with the Basilica of Saint Mary in Minneapolis. One of the most distinctive cathedrals in the United States, it sits on Cathedral Hill overlooking downtown St. Paul and features a distinctive copper-clad dome. It is dedicated to Paul the Apostle, who is also the namesake of the City of St. Paul. The current building opened in 1915 as the fourth cathedral of the archdiocese to bear this name. On March 25, 2009, it was designated as the National Shrine of the Apostle Paul by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. It is the third-largest Catholic cathedral and sixth-largest church in the United States.

The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a worldwide mainline Protestant denomination based in the United States, and a major part of Methodism. In the 19th century, its main predecessor, the Methodist Episcopal Church, was a leader in evangelicalism. The present denomination was founded in 1968 in Dallas, Texas, by union of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. The UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley in England, as well as the Great Awakening in the United States. As such, the church's theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan. It embraces liturgical worship, holiness, and evangelical elements.

The United Methodist Church has a connectional polity, a typical feature of a number of Methodist denominations. It is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the UMC. The church is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, and other religious associations.

In 2020, it had 6,268,310 members and 30,543 churches in the United States. In 2018, worldwide, it had 12,951,427 members and 43,409 churches. In 2015, the Pew Research Center estimated that 3.6 percent of the US population, or 9 million adult adherents, identified with the United Methodist Church, revealing a much larger number of adherents than registered membership.

On January 3, 2020, a group of the church's leaders proposed a plan to split the United Methodist Church over issues of sexual orientation (particularly same-sex marriage) and create a new traditionalist Methodist denomination, which is called the Global Methodist Church, though before its establishment, some congregations already left to join the Free Methodist Church, which is aligned with the Wesleyan-holiness movement.

The Presbyterian Church (USA), abbreviated PC (USA), is a mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. It is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the country, known for its liberal stance on doctrine and its ordaining of women and members of the LGBT community as elders and ministers. The Presbyterian Church (USA) was established with the 1983 merger of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, whose churches were located in the Southern and border states, with the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, whose congregations could be found in every state.

The similarly named Presbyterian Church in America is a separate denomination whose congregations can also trace their history to the various schisms and mergers of Presbyterian churches in the United States. Unlike the more conservative Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), the Presbyterian Church (USA) supports the ordination of women and affirms same-sex marriages. It also welcomes practicing gay and lesbian persons to serve in leadership positions as ministers, deacons, elders, and trustees.

The Presbyterian Church (USA) is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States, having 1,193,770 active members and 18,458 ordained ministers (including retired ones) in 8,813 congregations at the end of 2021. This number does not include members who are baptized but not confirmed, or the inactive members also affiliated. For example, in 2005, the Presbyterian Church (USA) claimed 318,291 baptized but not confirmed members and nearly 500,000 inactive members in addition to active members. Its membership has been steadily declining over the past several decades; the trend has significantly accelerated in recent years, partly due to breakaway congregations. Average denominational worship attendance dropped to 423,721 in 2021 from 748,774 in 2013.

Birmingham ( BUR-ming-ham) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama. Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County, Alabama's most populous county. As of the 2021 census estimates, Birmingham had a population of 197,575, down 1% from the 2020 Census, making it Alabama's third-most populous city after Huntsville and Montgomery. The broader Birmingham metropolitan area had a 2020 population of 1,115,289, and is the largest metropolitan area in Alabama as well as the 50th-most populous in the United States. Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South, Piedmont, and Appalachian regions of the nation.

Birmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, Elyton. It grew from there, annexing many more of its smaller neighbors, into an industrial and railroad transportation center with a focus on mining, the iron and steel industry, and railroading. Birmingham was named after Birmingham, England, one of that nation's major industrial cities. Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. The city may have been planned as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and often African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast.

From its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the South. The pace of Birmingham's growth during the period from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South. Much like Pittsburgh, Birmingham's major industries were iron and steel production, plus a major component of the railroading industry, where rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham. In the field of railroading, the two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South were nearby Atlanta and Birmingham, beginning in the 1860s and continuing through to the present day. The economy diversified during the later half of the twentieth century. Though the manufacturing industry maintains a strong presence in Birmingham, other businesses and industries such as banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have risen in stature. Mining in the Birmingham area is no longer a major industry with the exception of coal mining. Birmingham ranks as one of the most important business centers in the Southeastern United States and is also one of the largest banking centers in the United States. In addition, the Birmingham area serves as headquarters to one Fortune 500 company: Regions Financial, along with five other Fortune 1000 companies.

In higher education, Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine (formerly the Medical College of Alabama) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry since 1947. In 1969 the University of Alabama at Birmingham was established, one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System. Birmingham is also home to three private institutions: Samford University, Birmingham-Southern College, and Miles College. Between these colleges and universities, the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, law, engineering, and nursing. Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southeastern Conference, one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences.

The Whilldin Building is the former office of Alabama architect David Oliver Whilldin. Located on 21st Street North, now Richard Arrington Junior Boulevard North, in Birmingham, Alabama, the building was designed and built by Whilldin during 1923 and 1924 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The site is now the office of the Wininger Law Firm.

Whilldin designed the structure to appear as two separate buildings. The larger, white half of the building is covered with a smooth limestone and features four Tuscan pilasters that carry an entablature and the cornice.

The smaller, left half of the building, held Whilldin's personal office. It is set slightly back from the street and faced in dark brick with terra cotta and stone detailing. The most remarkable aspect of the left facade is the entrance. Full-sized drawings detail the ring of acanthus leaves, the beribboned wreath panel, and the consoles that support the arched hood over the entry vestibule. A band of yellow terra cotta continues across the facade from the lintel of the door to the space above the windows. Within this band appears the inscription \"D.O. WHILLDIN, ARCHITECT\".

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In 2012, David Wininger, the current owner of the building, commissioned a New York Yankees themed mural on the side of the structure. Depicted are: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Derek Jeter, and Yogi Berra. [1]

Church of the Advent, Advent Church, Cathedral of the Advent, or other variations may refer to:

• Cathedral Church of the Advent (Birmingham, Alabama)
• St. Clement's Chapel or St. Clement's Chapel of the Church of the Advent, Tallahassee, Florida
• Episcopal Church of the Advent (Cynthiana, Kentucky)
• Episcopal Church of the Advent (Louisville, Kentucky)
• Church of the Advent (Limestone, Maine)
• Church of the Advent (Boston)
• Church of the Advent (Farmington, Minnesota)
• Episcopal Church of the Advent / St. John's Chapel, Cape May, New Jersey
• Advent Lutheran Church (New York City)
• Episcopal Church of the Advent and Guild Hall, Devil's Lake, North Dakota
• Church of the Advent (Spartanburg, South Carolina)
• Brooksville Advent Church, New Haven, Vermont
• First Day Advent Christian Church, Maryhill, Washington

The Morris Avenue Historic District is an industrial district in Birmingham, Alabama. The district covers Morris Avenue from 20th Street to 25th Street and First Avenue from 21st to 26th Street. The Morris Avenue section comprises a set of late 19th century masonry warehouses that were Birmingham's main food distribution center until the 1950s. The First Avenue section of the district comprises a mixed neighborhood of late 19th century offices and warehouses, built shortly after the Morris Avenue development. The combined areas include 63 contributing structures, of the 69 buildings in the district. Notable buildings include the Liberty Trouser Building and the A.C. Legg Building on Morris Avenue on either side of the Moskowitz Warehouse. On First Avenue the Birmingham Realty Building and the A.A. Adams Realty Building, as well as the Goodall-Brown Building are notable.

The Morris Avenue district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1973. It was incorporated into the Morris Avenue\u2013First Avenue district on January 9, 1986.

Jefferson County Courthouse or variation prefaced with Old may refer to:

• Jefferson County Courthouse (Bessemer, Alabama), a contributing building in the Downtown Bessemer Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Birmingham, Alabama)
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Arkansas), Pine Bluff, Arkansas, a contributing building in the NRHP-listed Pine Bluff Commercial Historic District
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Florida), Monticello, Florida, a contributing building in the NRHP-listed Monticello Historic District
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Georgia), Louisville, Georgia, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Idaho), Rigby, Idaho, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Illinois)
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Iowa), NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Kansas), Oskaloosa, Kansas
• Louisville Metro Hall, formerly known as Jefferson County Courthouse, in Louisville, Kentucky
• Jefferson County Courthouse Annex, Louisville, Kentucky
• Old Jefferson Parish Courthouse, Gretna, Louisiana, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Mississippi), designed by architect of Pointe Coupee Parish Courthouse
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Montana), Boulder, Montana, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Nebraska), Fairbury, Nebraska, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse Complex, Watertown, New York, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Ohio), Steubenville, Ohio
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Oklahoma), Waurika, Oklahoma, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Texas), Beaumont, Texas, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (Washington), Port Townsend, Washington, NRHP-listed
• Jefferson County Courthouse (West Virginia), Charles Town, West Virginia, NRHP-listed

Watts Building may refer to:

• Watts Building (Birmingham, Alabama), listed on the NRHP in Alabama
• Watts Building (San Diego, California), listed on the NRHP in California
• Watts Building (Brighton, East Sussex), part of Brighton University

John Hand Building is a mixed-use high rise building in Birmingham, Alabama, USA, with a height of 287 feet (87\u00a0m). It was the tallest building in the city until surpassed by the City Federal Building in 1913. It comprises 20 floors and was completed in 1912. The lower eight floors are for commercial use and the upper twelve floors are for residential use. In 1983, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

From the time of its construction and up until the mid 1990s, the building had been owned and occupied by AmSouth Bancorporation and its predecessors. After AmSouth relocated employees to its other downtown offices and its Riverchase Campus, the building was sold to a group of developers. In 2000, it was renovated at a cost of $20 million. It served as the corporate headquarters of Cadence Bank and its predecessor bank until 2013 when it relocated to the Concord Center. The building now has since served as the corporate headquarters for Shipt, which had its logo on the south-side of the building until 2022, when it was replaced by the logo for Shipt's sister company, Landing.

The Heaviest Corner on Earth is a promotional name given to the corner of 20th Street and 1st Avenue North in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, in the early 20th century. The name reflected the nearly simultaneous appearance of four of the tallest buildings in the South, the 10-story Woodward Building (1902), 16-story Brown Marx Building (1906), 16-story Empire Building (1909), and the 21-story American Trust and Savings Bank Building (1912).

The announcement of the last building was made in the Jemison Magazine in a January 1911 article titled \"Birmingham to Have the Heaviest Corner in the South\". Over the years, that claim was inflated to the improbable \"Heaviest Corner on Earth\", which remains a popular name for the grouping.

A marker, erected on May 23, 1985 by the Birmingham Historical Society, with cooperation from Operation New Birmingham, stands on the sidewalk outside the Empire Building describing the group. The buildings have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places: three were listed individually in 1982 and 1983, and the group of four was listed as a historic district on July 11, 1985.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, (informally referred to as the Atlanta Fed and the Bank), is the sixth district of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the United States and is headquartered in midtown Atlanta, Georgia.

The Atlanta Fed covers the U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia, the eastern two-thirds of Tennessee, the southern portion of Louisiana, and southern Mississippi as part of the Federal Reserve System. Along with its Atlanta headquarters, the Banks operates five branches with the sixth district, which are located in Birmingham, Jacksonville, Miami, Nashville, and New Orleans. These branches provide cash to banks, savings and loans, and other depository institutions; transfer money electronically; and clear millions of checks.

In addition to supporting the U.S. financial system, the Atlanta Fed carries out the supervision and regulation of the banks operating within the sixth district. It also is a source of research and expertise for public and private decision makers within the district. In recent years, researchers within the Atlanta Fed have innovated new tools to gauge the health of the macro U.S. economy, the two most notable are GDPNow and Wage Growth Tracker.

The Atlanta Fed is currently led by Dr. Raphael Bostic, who was appointed in 2017 and is a member of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the committee that makes key decisions about interest rates and the growth of the United States money supply.

The Robert S. Vance Federal Building and United States Courthouse, previously known as the U.S. Post Office and Federal Building & Courthouse, is located at 1800 5th Avenue North in Birmingham, Alabama. The Beaux-Arts-style building was constructed in 1921. It served historically as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, and as a post office. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1976. It is still in use by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Alabama.

In 1990, the United States Congress enacted H.R.3961, officially redesignating the building as the \"Robert S. Vance Federal Building\", in honor of Robert Smith Vance, a United States Court of Appeals judge who had been assassinated the previous year by a mail-bomb sent to his home. The bill was signed into law by President George H. W. Bush on May 29, 1990, becoming Public Law No: 101-304.

The Alabama Theatre is a movie palace in Birmingham, Alabama. It was built in 1927 by Paramount's Publix Theatre chain as its flagship theater for the southeastern region of the United States. Seating 2,500 people at the time, it was the largest in the Birmingham Theatre district. The district was once home to a myriad of large theaters that featured vaudeville, performing arts, nickelodeons, and large first-run movie palaces. The Alabama is the only district theater still operating today. Built to show silent films, the Alabama still features its original Wurlitzer theater organ. Other than the Alabama, the Lyric Theatre is the only theater still standing in the district.

The Alabama and its historic organ were added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on February 15, 1977, and to the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1979. The theater has been surveyed by the Historic American Buildings Survey on several occasions, the last time being in 1996. It was designated as the state's historic theater in 1993.

Birmingham ( BUR-ming-ham) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama. Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County, Alabama's most populous county. As of the 2021 census estimates, Birmingham had a population of 197,575, down 1% from the 2020 Census, making it Alabama's third-most populous city after Huntsville and Montgomery. The broader Birmingham metropolitan area had a 2020 population of 1,115,289, and is the largest metropolitan area in Alabama as well as the 50th-most populous in the United States. Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South, Piedmont, and Appalachian regions of the nation.

Birmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, Elyton. It grew from there, annexing many more of its smaller neighbors, into an industrial and railroad transportation center with a focus on mining, the iron and steel industry, and railroading. Birmingham was named after Birmingham, England, one of that nation's major industrial cities. Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. The city may have been planned as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and often African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast.

From its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the South. The pace of Birmingham's growth during the period from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South. Much like Pittsburgh, Birmingham's major industries were iron and steel production, plus a major component of the railroading industry, where rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham. In the field of railroading, the two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South were nearby Atlanta and Birmingham, beginning in the 1860s and continuing through to the present day. The economy diversified during the later half of the twentieth century. Though the manufacturing industry maintains a strong presence in Birmingham, other businesses and industries such as banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have risen in stature. Mining in the Birmingham area is no longer a major industry with the exception of coal mining. Birmingham ranks as one of the most important business centers in the Southeastern United States and is also one of the largest banking centers in the United States. In addition, the Birmingham area serves as headquarters to one Fortune 500 company: Regions Financial, along with five other Fortune 1000 companies.

In higher education, Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine (formerly the Medical College of Alabama) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry since 1947. In 1969 the University of Alabama at Birmingham was established, one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System. Birmingham is also home to three private institutions: Samford University, Birmingham-Southern College, and Miles College. Between these colleges and universities, the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, law, engineering, and nursing. Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southeastern Conference, one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences.

The Alabama Penny Savings Bank is a historic building built in 1913 at 310 18th Street North in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. The building has also been known as the Pythian Temple. Alabama Penny Savings Bank was the first black-owned bank in Alabama and financed construction of homes and churches for thousands of local black citizens. The bank was founded in 1890 and was the second largest black bank in the United States in 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The Automotive Historic District in Birmingham, Alabama, is a 42-acre (17\u00a0ha) historic district roughly bounded by First Avenue North, 24th Street South, Fifth Avenue South, and 20th Street South. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. At the time of listing, the district included 119 contributing buildings (and 17 non-contributing ones) and four contributing structures (and 16 non-contributing ones).

The district covers a second area of commercial development south of the downtown area of Birmingham.

Fourth Avenue Historic District may refer to:

• Fourth Avenue Historic District (Birmingham, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Birmingham, Alabama
• Fourth Avenue Historic District (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), NRHP-listed

Sloss Furnaces is a National Historic Landmark in Birmingham, Alabama in the United States. It operated as a pig iron-producing blast furnace from 1882 to 1971. After closing, it became one of the first industrial sites (and the only blast furnace) in the U.S. to be preserved and restored for public use. In 1981, the furnaces were designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Department of the Interior.

The site currently serves as an interpretive museum of industry and hosts a nationally recognized metal arts program. It also serves as a concert and festival venue. A new visitor center was built 2015 and opened in 2016. The furnace site, along a wide strip of land reserved in Birmingham's original city plan for railroads and industry, hosts thousands of students through their education programs per year. The museum is free to visit during their operating hours of Tuesday-Saturday 10:00 A.M to 4:00 P.M.

Kelly Ingram Park, formerly West Park, is a 4 acres (1.6\u00a0ha) park located in Birmingham, Alabama. It is bounded by 16th and 17th Streets and 5th and 6th Avenues North in the Birmingham Civil Rights District. The park, just outside the doors of the 16th Street Baptist Church, served as a central staging ground for large-scale demonstrations during the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.

Reverend James Bevel of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference directed the organized protest by students in 1963 which centered on Kelly Ingram Park. It was here, during the first week of May 1963, that Birmingham police and firemen, under orders from Public Safety Commissioner Eugene \"Bull\" Connor, confronted the student demonstrators, almost all of them children and high school students, first with mass arrests and then with police dogs and firehoses. Images from those confrontations, broadcast internationally, spurred a public outcry which turned the nation's attention to the struggle for racial equality. The demonstrations in Birmingham brought city leaders to agree to an end of public segregation and helped to ensure the writing and then the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

The park was named in 1932 for local firefighter Osmond Kelly Ingram, who was the first sailor in the United States Navy to be killed in World War I. In 1992 it was completely renovated and rededicated as \"A Place of Revolution and Reconciliation\" to coincide with the opening of the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, an interpretive museum and research center, which adjoins the park to the west.

The park is the setting for several pieces of sculpture related to the civil rights movement.

There is a central fountain and commemorative statues of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, and some of the other heroes of the civil rights movement, as well as three installations by artist James Drake which flank a circular \"Freedom Walk\". They bring the visitor inside the portrayals of terror and sorrow of the 1963 confrontations. A limestone sculpture by Raymond Kaskey depicts three ministers, John Thomas Porter, Nelson H. Smith, and A. D. King, kneeling in prayer.

The Four Spirits sculpture was unveiled at Kelly Ingram Park on September, 2013 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. Crafted in Berkeley, California by Birmingham-born sculptor Elizabeth MacQueen and designed as a memorial to the four girls killed in the bombing (which occurred on September 15, 1963), it depicts the four girls in preparation for the church sermon at the 16th Street Baptist Church in the moments immediately before the explosion. The youngest girl killed in the explosion (Carol Denise McNair) is depicted releasing six doves into the air as she stands tiptoed and barefooted upon a bench as another barefooted girl (Addie Mae Collins) is depicted kneeling upon the bench, affixing a dress sash to McNair; a third girl (Cynthia Wesley) is depicted sitting upon the bench alongside McNair and Collins with a book in her lap. The book depicts the refrain of William Butler Yeats poem \"The Stolen Child\". The fourth girl (Carole Robertson) is depicted standing and smiling as she motions the other three girls to attend their church sermon. At the base of the sculpture is an inscription of the name of the sermon the four girls were to attend prior to the bombing\u2014\"A Love that Forgives.\" Oval photographs and brief biographies of the four girls killed in the explosion, the most seriously injured survivor (Sarah Collins), and the two teenage boys shot to death later that day also adorn the base of the sculpture.

Additional monuments honor Pauline Fletcher, Carrie A. Tuggle, Ruth Jackson, Arthur Shores, Julius Ellsberry, and the \"foot soldiers\" and other \"unsung heroes\" of the Civil Rights Movement.

The park hosts several local family festivals and cultural and entertainment events throughout the year. The Civil Rights Institute provides audio-tour guides for the park which feature remembrances by many of the figures directly involved in the confrontations. Urban Impact, Inc. also provides guided tours by appointment.

The 16th Street Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. In 1963, the church was bombed by Ku Klux Klan members. The bombing killed four young girls in the midst of the Civil Rights Movement. The church is still in operation and is a central landmark in the Birmingham Civil Rights District. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 2006. Since 2008, it has also been on the UNESCO list of tentative World Heritage Sites.

The Birmingham Civil Rights District is an area of downtown Birmingham, Alabama where several significant events in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s took place. The district was designated by the City of Birmingham in 1992 and covers a six-block area.

Landmarks in the district include:

• 16th Street Baptist Church, where the students involved in the 1963 Birmingham campaign and its Children's Crusade were trained by SCLC activist James Bevel and left in groups of 50 to march on City Hall, and where four young African American girls were killed and 22 churchgoers were injured in a bombing on September 15, 1963.
• Kelly Ingram Park, where many protests by blacks were held, often resulting in recrimination by Birmingham police, including the famous 1963 scenes of policemen turning back young protesters with fire hoses and police dogs. News coverage of the police attack in this park helped turn the tide of public opinion in the United States against legalized segregationist policies. Several sculptures in the park depict scenes from those police riots.
• The Fourth Avenue Business District, where much of the city's black businesses and entertainment venues were located; the area was the hub of the black community for many years. The business district includes A. G. Gaston's Booker T. Washington Insurance Co. and the Gaston Motel, a meeting place for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights during the early 1960s.
• Carver Theatre, once a popular motion picture theater for blacks in Birmingham, now renovated as a live-performance theater and home of the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.
• Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, a museum which chronicles the events, actions, and victories of the Civil Rights Movement, opened in 1993.

On March 21, 2016, Rep. Terri Sewell introduced to the United States House of Representatives H.R. 4817, a bill that would designate the Birmingham Civil Rights District as a National Historical Park. On March 28, 2016, the bill was referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Lands. However, a portion of the district was designated by executive order by President Obama as the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument on January 12, 2017.

East End Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church building at 2609 Sixth Avenue South in Birmingham, Alabama. It was built in 1947 in a style that can be described as Romanesque Revival, but has been well described by Jay Price as mid-century traditional. It added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. During the Civil Rights Movement it was led by the Reverend Calvin W. Woods.

The A.G. Gaston Motel is a historic motel in Birmingham, Alabama. Built in 1954 by local businessman A. G. Gaston, it served as premium accommodation for African American travelers. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference used Room 30 as its headquarters for leaders Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph D. Abernathy, Fred L. Shuttlesworth, and others to plan portions of the 1963 Birmingham campaign of the civil rights movement. On May 10, 1963, the motel was bombed by white supremacist terrorists. After discrimination in public accommodation was outlawed, the motel's business declined, and it was used as senior housing from 1982 to 1996. It is now part of the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument established in 2017, co-owned by the National Park Service and City of Birmingham. It has been designated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as one of America's National Treasures.

Fire Station No. 6, and variations, may refer to:

• Fire Station No. 6 (Birmingham, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
• Fire Station No. 6 (Sacramento, California), NRHP-listed
• Fire Station No. 6 (Atlanta), included in the Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site
• Engine House No. 6 (Wichita, Kansas), NRHP-listed
• James Geddes Engine Company No. 6, Nashville, Tennessee, NRHP-listed
• Truck Company F, Washington, D.C., also known as \"Truck Company 6\", NRHP-listed

Oak Hill Cemetery is a historic 22-acre (8.9\u00a0ha) cemetery located in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the United States. It was founded in 1848 and completed in 1853, and is a prime example of a rural cemetery. Many famous politicians, business people, military people, diplomats, and philanthropists are buried at Oak Hill, and the cemetery has a number of Victorian-style memorials and monuments. Oak Hill has two structures which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel and the Van Ness Mausoleum.

The cemetery's interment of \"Willie\" Lincoln, deceased son of president Abraham Lincoln, was the inspiration for the Man Booker Prize-winning novel Lincoln in the Bardo by George Saunders.

Fire Station No. 11, and variations, may refer to:

• Fire Station No. 11 (Birmingham, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
• Fire Station No. 11 (Denver, Colorado), a Denver Landmark
• Fire Station No. 11 (Atlanta, Georgia), NRHP-listed
• Number 4 Hook and Ladder Company, Dallas, NRHP-listed, also known as \"Fire Station No. 11\"
• Engine House No. 11 (Tacoma, Washington), NRHP-listed, also known as \"Fire Station No. 11\"
• Truck Company F, Washington D.C., also known as \"Old Engine Company 11\", NRHP-listed

The Age-Herald Building, at 2107 5th Ave. N in Birmingham, Alabama, was built in 1910. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

It was designed by Birmingham architect William C. Weston and is \"one of the best examples of the Beaux Arts style in Birmingham\". Also the \"building is strongly associated with a major early newspaper in Birmingham\u2014The Age-Herald. It was constructed to house the paper shortly after its creation in 1909 from a merger of The Iron Age and The Elyton Herald, and served as the headquarters of that paper until 1920.\"

Wells Fargo Tower may refer to:

• Wells Fargo Tower (Birmingham), Alabama
• Wells Fargo Tower (Colorado Springs), Colorado
• Wells Fargo Tower (Fort Worth, Texas)
• Wells Fargo Tower (Roanoke), Virginia

Regions Center may refer to:

• Regions Center (Birmingham), a skyscraper in Birmingham, Alabama, USA
• Regions Center (Little Rock), a skyscraper in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
• A skyscraper in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, now known as the UBS Tower (Nashville)

Linn Park can mean:

• Linn Park, Birmingham, Alabama, a seven-acre urban park in the centre of Birmingham, Alabama
• Linn Park, Glasgow, an 82-hectare park surrounded by the suburbs of Glasgow, and Netherlee, in Scotland.

The Birmingham Museum of Art is a museum in Birmingham, Alabama. Its collection includes more than 24,000 paintings, sculptures, prints, drawings, and decorative arts representing various cultures, including Asian, European, American, African, Pre-Columbian, and Native American. The museum is also home to some Renaissance and Baroque paintings, sculptures,and decorative arts from the late 13th century to c.\u20091750.

The Birmingham Museum of Art is owned by the City of Birmingham and encompasses 3.9 acres (16,000\u00a0m²) in the heart of the city's cultural district. Erected in 1959, the present building was designed by architects Warren, Knight and Davis, and a major renovation and expansion by Edward Larrabee Barnes of New York was completed in 1993. The facility encompasses 180,000 square feet (17,000\u00a0m²), including an outdoor sculpture garden.

The museum is part of the Monuments Men and Women Museum Network, launched in 2021 by the Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art.

Boutwell Memorial Auditorium is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena located in Birmingham, Alabama. It was built in 1924 as Birmingham's Municipal Auditorium, on a site near City Hall, facing Capitol Park (now Linn Park).

The building was designed by Thomas W. Lamb, working with a committee of local architects. A later renovation added to the lobby and meeting room space in front of the brick facade, giving the street view of the auditorium a decidedly modernist marble, aluminum and glass look. The auditorium was renamed for Mayor Albert Boutwell. The auditorium remains the property of the city. It was home to the Birmingham Power basketball team.

Master plans for the future of the Birmingham Museum of Art, which adjoins Boutwell Auditorium, have included expanding onto its current site.

The interior of the facility includes seating in a horseshoe shape with a stage at the end opposite a balcony. The venue is multi-purpose and can be configured to suit athletic events, theatre and other events.

In 2022, the auditorium hosted muay thai, sumo wrestling, and kickboxing events as part of the 2022 World Games.

Rotary Trail is a half-mile linear park in downtown Birmingham, Alabama. The trail was predominantly funded by the Birmingham Rotary Club in honor of their centennial anniversary. The trail runs from 20th Street to 24th Street along First Avenue South and connects two major downtown areas: the 19-acre Railroad Park on one side, and Sloss Furnaces, a National Historic Landmark, on the other side. It opened in 2016.

The entrance to the trail has a 46-foot-tall sign that reads, \"Rotary Trail in the Magic City.\" The sign was modeled after the historical \"Birmingham the Magic City\" sign that previously existed in the city.

The McWane Science Center (formerly known as the McWane Center) is a science museum and research archive located in downtown Birmingham, Alabama, United States. The state-of-the-art hands-on science center, aquarium, and 280-seat IMAX Dome Theater is housed in the historic and refurbished Loveman's department store building. It opened to the public on July 11, 1998.

On the lower level, the World of Water exhibit showcases more than 50 species of marine and freshwater aquatic life. There is a touch tank with different species of small sharks and rays. There are also shark teeth that can be observed under a microscope and different displays about water pollution.

The Alabama Collections Center (on the second floor) is the home of more than 500,000 items from the former Red Mountain Museum and Discovery Place. The center houses precious minerals, fossils, and Native American artifacts, the most noteworthy including the world's fourth-largest collection of mosasaurs; the Appalachiosaurus (similar to Tyrannosaurus); and the state fossil of Alabama, the Basilosaurus cetoides (an 80-foot (24\u00a0m) fossil whale).

For smaller children there is the Itty Bitty Magic City exhibit (on the second floor), featuring a climbing structure, a water play area, an area specifically for toddlers, and an area with smaller versions of common buildings in a city. The model buildings are all made to help younger children learn skills, or to connect with their parents. One example is a model grocery store where children can learn about the main food groups while \"shopping\" with their parents. The exhibit opened on May 16, 2015, and was a remodeling of an older early childhood play place with the same name previously located on the third floor.

The McWane Science Center is named after the McWane family and McWane, Inc., both of which helped fund the center.

The AT&T City Center is a 30-story, 390 foot (119 m) office building in Birmingham, Alabama. Completed in 1972, the building was originally known as the South Central Bell Building and was the corporate headquarters for South Central Bell and its five-state operating territory. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

In 1998 the building was renamed the BellSouth City Center after Brasfield & Gorrie completed an $80 million renovation. Bell South was merged into the current AT&T company in 2006, and the building's name was changed to AT&T City Center. Due to consolidations in corporate structure, AT&T moved all of its employees out of the building by March 2018. This coincided with announcements to consolidated executive positions in Dallas and Los Angeles.

In March 2018 the building was purchased by \"600 North 19th Street LLC\" of Stamford, Connecticut for $29.25 million. In November of the same year, it was sold to \"VCP City Center\" a joint venture of Varden Capital Properties of Atlanta, Georgia and Tellus Partners of Norcross, Georgia, for $31 million. The new owners anticipate redeveloping the building as a mixed-use property, combining residential, office and restaurant space.

George Washington Carver Center for Arts and Technology, also known just as the Carver Center is a Baltimore County-wide public magnet high school originally established in 1992 as one of three geographically spread technology high schools, (others established earlier in 1970 were Western and Eastern Technical High Schools - [original names]). The Central Technical High School, was located in Towson, the county seat in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. In any given year, just under 1,000 students attend, and typical class size is just under 20. The high school is primarily known for its eleven \"Primes\", for which students must apply in order to be accepted to the school. The school is distinguished in many categories, mainly its many art achievements.

Students from all of the middle schools throughout Baltimore County, as well as those who were \"homeschooled\", can apply to attend Carver Center, although it may be much farther from their houses and communities than their home regional/neighborhood high school. Admission is based on a combination of an audition and a lottery.

The Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument is a United States National Monument in Birmingham, Alabama established in 2017 to preserve and commemorate the work of the 1963 Birmingham campaign, its Children's Crusade, and other Civil Rights Movement events and actions. The monument is administered by the National Park Service.

Birmingham Civil Rights Institute is a large interpretive museum and research center in Birmingham, Alabama that depicts the events and actions of the 1963 Birmingham campaign, its Children's Crusade, and the other Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. The Institute is located in the Civil Rights District, which includes the historic 16th Street Baptist Church, Kelly Ingram Park, Fourth Avenue Business District, and the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame located in the Carver Theatre. The Institute opened in November 1992, and had more than 25,000 visitors during its first week.

Third Presbyterian Church may refer to:

in the United States

• Third Presbyterian Church (Birmingham, Alabama)
• Third Presbyterian Church (Chester, Pennsylvania)
• Third Presbyterian Church (Springfield, Ohio), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
• Third Presbyterian Church (Greenville, South Carolina)
• Third Presbyterian Church Parsonage, Salt Lake City, Utah, NRHP-listed

The Episcopal Diocese of Alabama is located in Province IV of the Episcopal Church and serves the state of Alabama with the exception of the extreme southern region, including Mobile, which forms part of the Diocese of the Central Gulf Coast. The latter body was formed in 1970 from portions of the territories of the Diocese of Alabama and the Diocese of Florida.

The current and 12th bishop of Alabama is the Right Reverend Dr. Glenda Curry, former rector of All Saints\u2019 Church in Homewood, Alabama (a Birmingham suburb) and a former college administrator. She is assisted by the Right Reverend Brian Prior, former bishop of Minnesota. Curry was elected on January 18, 2020, consecrated on June 27, 2020, and installed as diocesan bishop on January 9, 2021. The Cathedral Church of the Advent in Birmingham serves as its cathedral. The bishop's offices are located at Carpenter House in Birmingham which is next to the Church of the Advent, a pre-existing parish that the diocese designated as its cathedral in 1982.

The diocese currently includes 92 parishes, including college campus ministries and Camp McDowell, the diocesan camp and conference center, located in Nauvoo, Alabama, in the northwestern part of the state.

The total membership of the diocese is estimated at over 30,000 persons. Alabama is the only diocese in the Episcopal Church where there are no mission congregations; that is, all churches are expected to be self-supporting and self-governing parishes, with diocesan subsidies reserved for new church starts only. The policy was instituted by Bishop Furman C. Stough in the 1970s.

Like most of its southern neighbors, the diocese's churchmanship heritage is predominantly of the low variety, reflecting the influence of the founders' origins in places like Virginia and South Carolina. In colonial times, those southern colonies were bastions of evangelical, even Calvinist sentiment among the Anglican clergy and gentry. And like the ECUSA in general, the diocese's members are mostly affluent professionals and businesspeople, often among the wealthiest residents of their respective communities, some of whom have maintained Episcopalian affiliation for several generations. However, these people have largely co-existed peacefully with more liberal parishioners who look upon the Episcopal Church as an alternative to mostly fundamentalist options within Southern Protestantism. This is especially true in some of the smaller municipalities of Alabama where the Diocese has parishes, which are frequently the only churches within their communities that do not hold to strict biblical inerrancy, stringent personal morality, and stridently conservative politics.

The Anglican realignment movement among conservatives in protest against the consecration of the openly gay bishop Gene Robinson in the 2000s had mostly a minor impact in Alabama. However, the Cathedral Church of the Advent is considered a significant parish among remaining conservative congregations in the Episcopal Church nationally. In a situation that is unusual for cathedrals in the U.S. its relationship to the Diocese of Alabama has been strained. In 2019, the search committee for the new bishop identified the beleaguered relationship as one of four major challenges facing the diocese. The cathedral's vestry announced the resignation of the cathedral's dean, the Very Rev. Andrew Pearson in April 2021. After leaving in May, he was received into the Anglican Church in North America. In late June 2021, the diocesan bishop, Glenda Curry, and the cathedral published a covenant statement recognizing the cathedral's \"Protestant, evangelical\" expression of Anglicanism and providing a framework for a renewed collaborative relationship.

Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument may refer to

• Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Baltimore)
• Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Birmingham, Alabama)
• Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Georgetown, Texas)
• Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Indianapolis)

A statue of Charles Linn was previously installed in Birmingham, Alabama's Linn Park, in the United States. The statue was erected in 2012 and toppled in 2020.

Capitol Theatre, briefly Kyo-Ei Gekijo, is a historic cinema and theatre located in Singapore. It was adjoined to four-storey building known as the Capitol Building. The Capitol Theatre was considered one of Singapore's finest theatres in the 1930s during that time.

The Lyric Theatre, also known as the Lyric Hammersmith, is a theatre on Lyric Square, off King Street, Hammersmith, London.

The Alabama Sports Hall of Fame (ASHOF) is a state museum located in Birmingham, Alabama, dedicated to communicating the state\u2019s athletic history. The museum displays over 5,000 objects related to athletes who were born in Alabama or earned fame through athletics that reflects positively upon the state, usually through excellence at an educational institution or sporting event in Alabama. The ASHOF was established by state legislative act on August 14, 1967.

The Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame (AJHF) is an organization and museum in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It was founded in 1978, and opened as museum on September 18, 1993, with a mission \"to foster, encourage, educate, and cultivate a general appreciation of the medium of jazz music as a legitimate, original and distinctive art form indigenous to America. Its mission is also to preserve a continued and sustained program of illuminating the contribution of the State of Alabama through its citizens, environment, demographics and lore, and perpetuating the heritage of jazz music.\"

Le Trianon is a theatre and concert hall in Paris. It is located at 80, boulevard de Rochechouart, in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, at the foot of the hill of Montmartre.

The Rochelle Railroad Park is a city park located in Rochelle, Illinois where railfans can safely view and photograph trains.

Agnes or Agness may refer to:

Casino Theatre or Casino Theater may refer to:

• Casino Theatre (Toronto), a burlesque theatre
• Casino Theatre (Copenhagen) (1848\u20131937)
• Casino Theatre (San Diego)
• Casino Theatre (New York City) (1882\u20131930)
• Earl Carroll Theatre or Casino Theatre, a Broadway theatre
• Casino Theatre (Mount Pocono, Pennsylvania)
• Casino Theatre (Gunnison, Utah)

Empire Theatre or Empire Theater may refer to:

Temple Theater or Temple Theatre may refer to:

• Temple Theater (Meridian, Mississippi), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Mississippi
• Temple Theatre (Sanford, North Carolina), listed on the NRHP in North Carolina
• Temple Theatre (Saginaw, Michigan)
• Temple Theatre in Brantford, Ontario, now known as The Sanderson Centre
• Masonic Temple Theater, Mount Pleasant, Iowa, listed on the NRHP in Henry County, Iowa
• Masonic Temple Building-Temple Theater, Tacoma, Washington, listed on the NRHP in Washington

Galax Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Galax, Virginia. The district encompasses 67 contributing buildings in the central business district of Galax. A few of the buildingsare one-story storefronts, but a majority of the buildings are two-story commercial buildings witheither apartments or offices located on the second floor. The majority of the buildings were built inthe 1920s. Notable buildings include the old fire station (c. 1920), Colonial Theater (1930), Waugh Department Store (1904), Rex Theater (1938), and Galax Municipal Building (1908).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, with a boundary increase in 2008.

Strand Theatre or Strand Theater may refer to:

The Od\u00e9on-Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l'Europe (English: European Music Hall) (formerly the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre de l'Od\u00e9on (English: Music Hall)) is one of France's six national theatres. It is located at 2 rue Corneille in the 6th arrondissement of Paris on the left bank of the Seine, next to the Luxembourg Garden and the Luxembourg Palace, which houses the Senate.

Into the Woods is a 1987 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by James Lapine. It was the pair's second collaboration after Sunday in the Park with George (1984).

The musical intertwines the plots of several Brothers Grimm fairy tales, exploring the consequences of the characters' wishes and quests. The main characters are taken from \"Little Red Riding Hood\" (spelled \"Ridinghood\" in the published vocal score), \"Jack and the Beanstalk\", \"Rapunzel\", and \"Cinderella\", as well as several others. The musical is tied together by a story involving a childless baker and his wife and their quest to begin a family (the original beginning of the Grimm Brothers' \"Rapunzel\"), their interaction with a witch who has placed a curse on them, and their interaction with other storybook characters during their journey.

The musical debuted in San Diego at the Old Globe Theatre in 1986 and premiered on Broadway on November 5, 1987, where it won three major Tony Awards (Best Score, Best Book, and Best Actress in a Musical for Joanna Gleason), in a year dominated by The Phantom of the Opera (1988). The musical has since been produced many times, with a 1988 US national tour, a 1990 West End production, a 1997 tenth anniversary concert, a 2002 Broadway revival, a 2010 London revival, and in 2012 as part of New York City's outdoor Shakespeare in the Park series.

A Disney film adaptation, directed by Rob Marshall, was released in 2014. The film grossed over $213 million worldwide, and received three nominations at both the Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Awards.

A second Broadway revival began performances on June 28, 2022 at the St. James Theatre, and opened on July 10. The production closed on January 8, 2023 and began touring the U.S. on February 18 of the same year.

The Majestic Theatre is a Broadway theater at 245 West 44th Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1927, the theater was designed by Herbert J. Krapp in a Spanish style and was built for real-estate developer Irwin S. Chanin. It has 1,681 seats across two levels and is operated by The Shubert Organization. Both the facade and interior are New York City landmarks.

The facade is designed in a Spanish style with golden brick, terracotta, and stone and is divided into two sections. The western portion of the facade contains the theater's entrance, with fire-escape galleries and a terracotta pediment above. The eastern portion is the stage house and is topped by archways. The auditorium contains Adam style detailing, steep stadium seating in the orchestra level, a large balcony, and an expansive plaster dome. Due to the slope of the seats, the rear of the orchestra is one story above ground. An interior leads to a large staircase, which connects to the rears of both the orchestra and balcony. The balcony has extensive decoration, and there are also box seats near the front of the auditorium at balcony level.

The Majestic, Bernard B. Jacobs, and John Golden theaters, along with the Lincoln Hotel, were all developed by Chanin and designed by Krapp as part of a theater/hotel complex. The Shuberts have operated the Majestic since 1930. The Majestic was always intended as a venue for major musical theater productions because of its large size. Among the shows that premiered at the Majestic are Carousel, South Pacific, The Music Man, Camelot, A Little Night Music, and The Wiz. From 1988 to 2023, the theater housed The Phantom of the Opera, which was the longest-running production in Broadway history when it closed.

Where the Sidewalk Ends is a 1950 American film noir directed and produced by Otto Preminger. The screenplay for the film was written by Ben Hecht, and adapted by Robert E. Kent, Frank P. Rosenberg, and Victor Trivas. The screenplay and adaptations were based on the novel Night Cry by William L. Stuart. The film stars Dana Andrews and Gene Tierney.

Andrews plays Mark Dixon, a ruthless and cynical metropolitan police detective who despises all criminals because his father was one. Considered a classic of the genre, the film displays a brand of violence \"lurking below urban society\" considered an important noir motif.

The Birmingham\u2013Jefferson Convention Complex (formerly known as Birmingham\u2013Jefferson Civic Center) is a sports, convention and entertainment complex located in Birmingham, Alabama. The Sheraton Birmingham and Westin Birmingham are located on the complex adjoining the convention center. Alongside numerous exhibit halls, meeting and ballrooms, the complex features four entertainment venues: a stadium, an arena, concert hall, and theater.

Rialto Theatre may refer to:

Birmingham ( BUR-ming-ham) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama. Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County, Alabama's most populous county. As of the 2021 census estimates, Birmingham had a population of 197,575, down 1% from the 2020 Census, making it Alabama's third-most populous city after Huntsville and Montgomery. The broader Birmingham metropolitan area had a 2020 population of 1,115,289, and is the largest metropolitan area in Alabama as well as the 50th-most populous in the United States. Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South, Piedmont, and Appalachian regions of the nation.

Birmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, Elyton. It grew from there, annexing many more of its smaller neighbors, into an industrial and railroad transportation center with a focus on mining, the iron and steel industry, and railroading. Birmingham was named after Birmingham, England, one of that nation's major industrial cities. Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. The city may have been planned as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and often African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast.

From its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the South. The pace of Birmingham's growth during the period from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames The Magic City and The Pittsburgh of the South. Much like Pittsburgh, Birmingham's major industries were iron and steel production, plus a major component of the railroading industry, where rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham. In the field of railroading, the two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South were nearby Atlanta and Birmingham, beginning in the 1860s and continuing through to the present day. The economy diversified during the later half of the twentieth century. Though the manufacturing industry maintains a strong presence in Birmingham, other businesses and industries such as banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have risen in stature. Mining in the Birmingham area is no longer a major industry with the exception of coal mining. Birmingham ranks as one of the most important business centers in the Southeastern United States and is also one of the largest banking centers in the United States. In addition, the Birmingham area serves as headquarters to one Fortune 500 company: Regions Financial, along with five other Fortune 1000 companies.

In higher education, Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine (formerly the Medical College of Alabama) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry since 1947. In 1969 the University of Alabama at Birmingham was established, one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama System. Birmingham is also home to three private institutions: Samford University, Birmingham-Southern College, and Miles College. Between these colleges and universities, the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, law, engineering, and nursing. Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southeastern Conference, one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences.

Champion is an opera in two acts and ten scenes with music by Terence Blanchard and a libretto by Michael Cristofer. Based on the life of African-American welterweight boxer Emile Griffith, this opera is a joint co-commission by Opera Theatre of Saint Louis (OTSL) and Jazz St. Louis.

Almost Famous is a 2000 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Cameron Crowe, and starring Billy Crudup, Frances McDormand, Kate Hudson, and Patrick Fugit. It tells the story of a teenage journalist, played by Fugit, writing for Rolling Stone magazine in the early 1970s, touring with the fictitious rock band Stillwater, and writing his first cover story on the band. The film is semi-autobiographical, as Crowe himself was a teenage writer for Rolling Stone.

The film was a box office bomb, grossing $47.4 million against a $60 million budget. Despite this, it received widespread acclaim from critics and received four Academy Award nominations, including a win for Best Original Screenplay. It was also awarded the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media. Roger Ebert hailed it the best film of the year as well as the ninth-best film of the 2000s. It also won two Golden Globe Awards, for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and Best Supporting Actress \u2013 Motion Picture (Hudson). It has since become a cult classic and in a 2016 international poll conducted by BBC, Almost Famous was ranked the 79th greatest film since 2000. In a Hollywood Reporter 2014 list voted on by \"studio chiefs, Oscar winners and TV royalty\", Almost Famous was ranked the 71st greatest film of all time. A stage musical adaptation of the film opened on Broadway in November 2022.

The New Amsterdam Theatre is a Broadway theater on 214 West 42nd Street, at the southern end of Times Square, in the Theater District of Manhattan in New York City. One of the first Broadway venues to open in the Times Square neighborhood, the New Amsterdam was built from 1902 to 1903 to designs by Herts & Tallant. The theater is operated by Disney Theatrical Productions and has 1,702 seats across three levels. Both the Beaux-Arts exterior and the Art Nouveau interior of the building are New York City landmarks, and the building is on the National Register of Historic Places.

The theater's main entrance is through a 10-story office wing facing north on 42nd Street, while the auditorium is in the rear, facing south on 41st Street. The facade on 42nd Street is made of gray limestone and was originally ornamented with sculptural detail; the rest of the facade is made of brick. The lobby within the office wing leads to a set of ornamental foyers, a reception room, and men's and women's lounges. The elliptical auditorium contains two balconies cantilevered above a ground-level orchestra. Above the main auditorium is a now-disused roof theater, which opened in 1904 and also served as a studio. The theater has a steel frame and was designed with advanced mechanical systems for its time.

The New Amsterdam Theatre was named for the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam, the precursor to New York City. Klaw and Erlanger operated the venue for more than two decades after its opening on October 26, 1903. From 1913 to 1927, the New Amsterdam was the home of the Ziegfeld Follies, whose producer, Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., maintained an office in the building and operated the theater on the roof. Erlanger bought Klaw's interest in 1927, and the New Amsterdam was converted into a movie theater in 1937, in which capacity it served until 1983. The Nederlander Organization tried to redevelop the theater for ten years as part of the 42nd Street Development Project. It was then leased by The Walt Disney Company and renovated by Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer from 1995 to 1997. After Disney took over the New Amsterdam's operation, the theater hosted the musical The Lion King, followed by Mary Poppins and Aladdin.

Ritz Theatre or Ritz Theater is the name of several facilities:

In England

• Ritz Theatre (Lincoln, England)

In Australia

• Ritz Cinema, Sydney, a heritage-listed theatre in Sydney, New South Wales

In the United States

• Ritz Theatre (Brunswick, Georgia), contributing property of the Brunswick Old Town Historic District
• Ritz Theatre (Jacksonville), Duval County, Florida
• Wayne Densch Performing Arts Center, Sanford, Seminole County, Florida, formerly the Ritz Theater, the Milane Theatre, and the Helen Stairs Theatre
• Ritz Theatre (Haddon Township, New Jersey)
• Ritz Theater (Newburgh, New York), Orange County
• Walter Kerr Theatre, New York City, originally the Ritz Theatre
• Ritz Theatre and Hoskins Rexall Drug Store No. 2, on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Anderson County, Tennessee
• Ritz (Austin, Texas)
• Ritz Theatre (Elizabeth, New Jersey)

Brandy Rayana Norwood (born February 11, 1979), better known by her mononym Brandy, is an American singer, songwriter, actress and model. Her sound, characterized by heavy voice-layering and intricate riffs, has seen her nicknamed \"the Vocal Bible\". As of August 2020, she has sold over 40 million records worldwide, with approximately 8.62 million albums sold in the United States. Her work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award and an American Music Award.

Born in McComb, Mississippi, Norwood was raised in Carson, California, beginning her career as a backing vocalist for teen groups. After signing with Atlantic Records in 1993, she released her self-titled debut album the following year, which sold six million copies worldwide. Norwood ventured into acting with the UPN sitcom Moesha (1996\u20132001), which won her an NAACP Image Award, and resulted in numerous other roles, such as the titular character in the television film Cinderella (1997) and Karla Wilson in the slasher film I Still Know What You Did Last Summer (1998). Her musical breakthrough came with the single \"The Boy Is Mine\" (1998), a duet with fellow R&B contemporary Monica, which became one of the best selling female duets of all time and won her the Grammy for Best R&B Vocal by a Duo or Group. In 2002, Norwood starred in the reality series Brandy: Special Delivery, documenting the birth of her daughter. Her third and fourth albums, Full Moon (2002) and Afrodisiac (2004), were released to critical success.

Norwood served as a judge on the first season of America's Got Talent before being involved in a heavily publicized car accident in 2006. Norwood's fifth album, Human (2008), was released to positive reviews, although it was a commercial failure. In 2010, she returned to television as a contestant on the eleventh season of Dancing with the Stars and starred in the reality series Brandy & Ray J: A Family Business. She was a series regular in the BET series The Game (2012\u20132015) and released her sixth album Two Eleven (2012) thereafter, both earning her critical praise. In April 2015, Norwood made her Broadway debut as Roxie Hart in the musical Chicago. She starred in and executive produced a sitcom titled Zoe Ever After on BET which premiered in January 2016. In July 2020, Norwood released her seventh studio album, B7, also her first project as an independent artist, to critical acclaim. In 2021, Norwood starred alongside Naturi Naughton, Eve and Nadine Velazquez in American Broadcasting Company's music drama series Queens to critical acclaim.

In June 2022, Norwood announced her major label return after signing with Motown Records.

Five Points (or The Five Points) was a 19th-century neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The neighborhood, partly built on low lying land that had filled in the freshwater lake known as the Collect Pond, was generally defined as being bound by Centre Street to the west, the Bowery to the east, Canal Street to the north, and Park Row to the south. The Five Points gained international notoriety as a densely populated, disease-ridden, crime-infested slum that existed for over 70 years.

Through the twentieth century, the former Five Points area was gradually redeveloped, with streets changed or closed. The area is now occupied by the Civic Center to the west and south, which includes major federal, state, and city facilities. To the east and north, the former Five Points neighborhood is now part of Manhattan's Chinatown.

Maltz Jupiter Theatre is an American not-for-profit, professional theatre located in Jupiter, Florida, United States.

Elaine Delmar (born 13 September 1939) is a British singer and actress, with a long career in stage acting, music recording and concert performances. Born in Harpenden, she is the daughter of Jamaican jazz trumpeter Leslie \"Jiver\" Hutchinson. After learning the piano as a child, Delmar became a singer and toured with her father's band from the age of sixteen.

In 1952, she appeared in Finian's Rainbow in Liverpool. She sang with Coleridge Goode's group The Dominoes for a month in Germany in the mid-1950s, before going solo. She appeared in the Ken Russell film Mahler (1974).

Stratford-upon-Avon (), commonly known as just Stratford, is a market town and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon district, in the county of Warwickshire, in the West Midlands region of England. It is situated on the River Avon, 91 miles (146\u00a0km) north-west of London, 22 miles (35\u00a0km) south-east of Birmingham and 8 miles (13\u00a0km) south-west of Warwick. The town is the southernmost point of the Arden area on the edge of the Cotswolds. In the 2021 census Stratford had a population of 30,495.

Stratford was originally inhabited by Britons before Anglo-Saxons and remained a village before the lord of the manor, John of Coutances, set out plans to develop it into a town in 1196. In that same year, Stratford was granted a charter from King Richard I to hold a weekly market in the town, giving it its status as a market town. As a result, Stratford experienced an increase in trade and commerce as well as urban expansion.

Stratford is a popular tourist destination, owing to its status as the birthplace and burial place of playwright and poet William Shakespeare; it receives approximately 2.7 million visitors a year. The Royal Shakespeare Company resides in Stratford's Royal Shakespeare Theatre.